Attract Butterflies

Brightly colored butterflies can be a welcome addition to your wildlife garden, not only because of their beauty, but also because of their usefulness in pollinating flowers.

Attracting butterflies involves incorporating plants that serve the needs of all life stages of the butterfly. The insects need places to lay eggs, food plants for their larvae (caterpillars), places to form chrysalides and nectar sources for adults.

Butterfly Garden Necessities

• Plant native flowering plants - Because many butterflies and native flowering plants have co-evolved over time and depend on each other for survival and reproduction, it is particularly important to install native flowering plants local to your geographic area. Native plants provide butterflies with the nectar or foliage they need as adults and caterpillars. Adult butterflies may accidentally mistake a non-native, invasive plant for a good egg-laying site which could prevent the survival of its offspring. Grow your nectar-producing native plants in sunny areas that are protected from strong winds. The Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center has lists of recommended native plants by region and state.

• Plant type and color is important - Adult butterflies are attracted to red, yellow, orange, pink and purple blossoms that are flat-topped or clustered and have short flower tubes.

• Plant good nectar sources in the sun - Your key butterfly nectar source plants should receive full sun from mid-morning to mid-afternoon. Butterfly adults generally feed only in the sun. If sun is limited in your landscape, try adding butterfly nectar sources to the vegetable garden.

• Plant for continuous bloom - Butterflies need nectar throughout the adult phase of their life span. Try to plant so that when one plant stops blooming, another begins.

• Say no to insecticides - Insecticides such as malathion, Sevin, and diazinon are marketed to kill insects. Don't use these materials in or near the butterfly garden or better, anywhere on your property. Even "benign" insecticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, are lethal to butterflies (while caterpillars).

• Feed butterfly caterpillars - If you don't "grow" caterpillars, there will be no adults. Bringing caterpillar foods into your garden can greatly increase your chances of attracting unusual and uncommon butterflies, while giving you yet another reason to plant an increasing variety of native plants. In many cases, caterpillars of a species feed on only a very limited variety of plants. Most butterfly caterpillars never cause the leaf damage we associate with some moth caterpillars such as bagworms, tent caterpillars, or gypsy moths.

• Provide a place for butterflies to rest - Butterflies need sun for orientation and to warm their wings for flight. Place flat stones in your garden to provide space for butterflies to rest and bask in the sun.

• Give them a place for puddling - Butterflies often congregate on wet sand and mud to partake in "puddling," drinking water and extracting minerals from damp puddles. Place coarse sand in a shallow pan and then insert the pan in the soil of your habitat. Make sure to keep the sand moist.

• Watch for butterflies and other wildlife in your region - Go to Wildlife Watch to learn all about a national nature watching program for people of all ages.

Common Butterflies and the Plants Their Caterpillars Eat

• Acmon Blue - buckwheat, lupines, milkvetch
• American Painted Lady - cudweed, everlast
• Baird's Swallowtail - dragon sagebrush
• Black Swallowtail - parsley, dill, fennel, common rue
• Coral Hairstreak - wild black cherry, American and chickasaw plum, black chokeberry
• Dun Skipper - sedges, grasses including purpletop
• Eastern Tiger Swallowtail - wild black cherry, ash, tulip tree, willow, sweetbay, basswood
• Giant Swallowtail - prickly ash, citrus, common rue, hoptree, gas plant, torchwood
• Gray Comma - gooseberry, azalea, elm
• Great Purple Hairstreak - mistletoe
• Gulf Fritillary - maypops, other passion vines
• Henry's Elfin - redbud, dahoon and yaupon hollies, maple-leaved viburnum, blueberries
• Monarch - milkweeds
• Painted Lady (Cosmopolite) - thistles, mallows, nievitas, yellow fiddleneck
• Pygmy Blue - saltbush, lamb's quarters, pigweed
• Red Admiral/White Admiral - wild cherries, black oaks, aspens, yellow and black birch
• Silver-Spotted Skipper - locusts, wisteria, other legumes
• Spicebush Swallowtail - sassafras, spicebush
• Sulphurs - clover, peas, vetch, alfalfa, asters
• Variegated Fritillary - passion flower, maypop, violets, stonecrop, purslane
• Viceroy - willows, cottonwood, aspen
• Western Tailed Blue - vetches, milkvetches
• Western Tiger Swallowtail - willow, plum, alder, sycamore, hoptree, ash
• Woodland Skipper - grasses
• Zebra Swallowtail - pawpaw

Common Name / Latin Name

Allium / Allium
Aster / Aster
Bee balm / Monarda
Butterfly bush / Buddleia
Catmint / Nepeta
Clove Pink / Dianthus
Cornflower / Centaurea
Daylily / Hemerocallis
False indigo / Baptisia
Fleabane / Erigeron
Floss flower / Ageratum
Globe thistle / Echinops
Goldenrod / Solidago
Helen's flower / Helenium
Hollyhock / Alcea
Lavender / Lavendula
Lilac / Syringa
Lupine / Lupinus
Lychnis / Lychnis
Mallow / Malva
Milkweed / Asclepias
Mint / Mentha
Pansy / Viola
Phlox / Phlox
Privet / Ligustrum
Purple coneflower / Echinacea
Rock cress / Arabis
Sage / Salvia
Sea holly / Eryngium
Shasta daisy / Chrysanthemum
Snapdragon / Antirrhinum
Stonecrop / Sedum
Sweet alyssum / Lobularia
Sweet rocket / Hesperis
Tickseed / Coreopsis
Zinnia / Zinnia